F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 27; Man and His Environment
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 17 Coordination and Control
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 16; Support and Movement
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 15; Homeostasis
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 26; Some Major Ecosystems
This chapter covers: Climate; Aquatic of Hydrospheric Ecosystem; Productivity of Aquatic Ecosystem Intervention of man in aquatic environment; Terrestrial ecosystem Adaptations and Divisio of terrestrial ecosystem; Some major ecosytems in Pakistan
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 25; Ecosystem
This chapter covers: Introduction; Ecosystem; Biosphere; Autecology; synecology Biotic and Abiotic componentsa and interaction between them; Food Web Succession; Predation and its significance; Parasitism and its significance Symbiosis; Mutualism; Commensalism; Grazing; Biogeochemical cycles Flow of energy in food chain of an ecosystem
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 24; Evolution
This chapter covers: Introduction; Concept of evolution vs special creation; Evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes; Inheritance of acquired charateristics; Evidence of evolution; Natural selection and artificial selections Population, Gene pool; Allele; Genotypic frequencies Hardy-Weinberg Theorem; Factors affecting gene frequencies; Endangered species
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 23; Biotechnology
This chapter covers: Introduction; Cloning of a gene; Recombinant DNA technology Genomic library; Plymerase chain reaction (PCR); Gene sequencing Human Genome Project; Biotechnology products; Cloning of transgenic animals Gene therapy; Tissue culture; Genetic engineering in plants; Production of products
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 22; Variation and Genetics
This chapter covers: Genes; Alleles; Gene pool; Mendle laws of inheritance; Test cross; Dihybrid cross; Dominance relations; Multiple alleles; Epistesi; Pleiotropy Continuously varying traits; Gene linkage; Crossing over; Sex determination in plants and animals Sex linkage; X-linked recessive and dominant traits; Sex limited traits Sex influenced traits; Diabetes mellitus and its genetic basis
F.Sc. Biology Book2, CH 21; Cell Cycle
This chapter covers: Introduction; Interphase; Mitosis; Importance of mitosis Cancer (uncontrolled cell division); Meiosis; Importance of meiosis Meiotic errors (non-disjuncitons); Necrosis and Apoptosis